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The primary author of the Declaration of Independence is Thomas Jefferson. He was tasked with drafting the document and was chosen due to his eloquent writing style and strong advocacy for individual rights and liberty. Jefferson's pen captured the Enlightenment ideals of the time, articulating the colonies' grievances against King George III and expressing the fundamental principles of equality and the right to self-governance. This declaration not only marked the colonies' break from British rule but also served as a foundational text for democracy and human rights, influencing future political thought and documents around the world.

The other individuals listed are significant figures in American history but did not have the same role in authoring this particular document. George Washington was the commander of the Continental Army and later became the first President, while John Adams and Benjamin Franklin were important statesmen and contributors to the independence movement, but they were not the principal authors. Adams did contribute to the discussions and edits of the Declaration, and Franklin signed it and aided in its promotion, but it was Jefferson who originally drafted the text.